diff --git a/service/src/main/java/cn/qihangerp/service/external/sph/ExternalSphPublishService.java b/service/src/main/java/cn/qihangerp/service/external/sph/ExternalSphPublishService.java
index 396f0bf7..84388b58 100644
--- a/service/src/main/java/cn/qihangerp/service/external/sph/ExternalSphPublishService.java
+++ b/service/src/main/java/cn/qihangerp/service/external/sph/ExternalSphPublishService.java
@@ -235,11 +235,7 @@ public class ExternalSphPublishService {
         root.put("head_imgs", head);
         root.put("deliver_method", 0);
         root.put("deliver_acct_type", new JSONArray());
-        JSONArray catsV2 = new JSONArray();
-        JSONObject leaf = new JSONObject();
-        long leafCatId = resolveLeafCatId(req, imgs.headImgUrls(), accessToken);
-        leaf.put("cat_id", String.valueOf(leafCatId));
-        catsV2.add(leaf);
+        JSONArray catsV2 = resolveCatsV2OrThrow(req, imgs.headImgUrls(), accessToken);
         root.put("cats_v2", catsV2);
         JSONObject extra = new JSONObject();
         extra.put("seven_day_return", 0);
@@ -269,13 +265,15 @@ public class ExternalSphPublishService {
         return root;
     }
 
-    private long resolveLeafCatId(ExternalGoodsUpsertRequest req, List<String> headImgUrls, String accessToken) {
-        long fixedCat = props.getFixedLeafCatIdV2();
+    private JSONArray resolveCatsV2OrThrow(ExternalGoodsUpsertRequest req, List<String> headImgUrls, String accessToken) {
         if (!StringUtils.hasText(props.getProductClassifyUrl())) {
-            return fixedCat;
+            throw new IllegalStateException("external.sph.product-classify-url 未配置，无法获取推荐类目");
         }
-        if (!StringUtils.hasText(accessToken) || CollectionUtils.isEmpty(headImgUrls)) {
-            return fixedCat;
+        if (!StringUtils.hasText(accessToken)) {
+            throw new IllegalStateException("缺少 accessToken，无法调用类目推荐接口");
+        }
+        if (CollectionUtils.isEmpty(headImgUrls)) {
+            throw new IllegalStateException("缺少主图，无法调用类目推荐接口");
         }
         try {
             JSONObject body = new JSONObject();
@@ -289,9 +287,6 @@ public class ExternalSphPublishService {
                     head.add(u);
                 }
             }
-            if (head.isEmpty()) {
-                return fixedCat;
-            }
             body.put("head_imgs", head);
             String url = props.getProductClassifyUrl();
             String fullUrl = url + (url.contains("?") ? "&" : "?")
@@ -299,49 +294,66 @@ public class ExternalSphPublishService {
             String raw = httpClient.postJson(fullUrl, body.toJSONString(),
                     Duration.ofSeconds(Math.max(5, props.getHttpReadTimeoutSeconds())));
             if (!WeixinShopEcHttpClient.isBizOk(raw)) {
-                log.warn("[SPH] classify failed shopId={} outGoodsId={} err={} snippet={}",
-                        req.getShopId(), req.getOutGoodsId(), WeixinShopEcHttpClient.formatWxError(raw),
-                        WeixinShopEcLogSupport.snippet(raw, 500));
-                return fixedCat;
+                throw new IllegalStateException("类目推荐失败: " + WeixinShopEcHttpClient.formatWxError(raw));
             }
-            Long recommended = parseRecommendedLeafCatId(raw);
-            if (recommended == null || recommended <= 0) {
-                return fixedCat;
+            JSONArray catsV2 = parseRecommendedCatsV2(raw);
+            if (catsV2 == null || catsV2.isEmpty()) {
+                throw new IllegalStateException("类目推荐成功但未返回可用类目链");
             }
-            log.info("[SPH] classify ok shopId={} outGoodsId={} recommendedLeafCatId={} fixedLeafCatId={}",
-                    req.getShopId(), req.getOutGoodsId(), recommended, fixedCat);
-            return recommended;
+            String leafCat = catsV2.getJSONObject(catsV2.size() - 1).getString("cat_id");
+            log.info("[SPH] classify ok shopId={} outGoodsId={} catsV2Size={} leafCatId={} catsV2={}",
+                    req.getShopId(), req.getOutGoodsId(), catsV2.size(), leafCat, catsV2);
+            return catsV2;
+        } catch (IllegalStateException e) {
+            throw e;
         } catch (Exception e) {
-            log.warn("[SPH] classify exception shopId={} outGoodsId={} err={}",
-                    req.getShopId(), req.getOutGoodsId(), e.getMessage());
-            return fixedCat;
+            throw new IllegalStateException("类目推荐异常: " + e.getMessage(), e);
         }
     }
 
-    private static Long parseRecommendedLeafCatId(String raw) {
+    private static JSONArray parseRecommendedCatsV2(String raw) {
         JSONObject root = JSON.parseObject(raw);
         JSONArray categories = root.getJSONArray("categories");
         if (categories == null || categories.isEmpty()) {
             return null;
         }
-        Long fallback = null;
         for (Object obj : categories) {
             if (!(obj instanceof JSONObject item)) {
                 continue;
             }
             JSONObject cats = item.getJSONObject("cats");
-            Long leaf = extractLeafCatId(cats);
-            if (leaf == null || leaf <= 0) {
+            JSONArray catInfo = cats == null ? null : cats.getJSONArray("cat_info");
+            if (catInfo == null || catInfo.isEmpty()) {
                 continue;
             }
-            if (fallback == null) {
-                fallback = leaf;
-            }
             if (hasCategoryAuth(item) || hasCategoryAuth(cats)) {
-                return leaf;
+                JSONArray out = new JSONArray();
+                for (Object c : catInfo) {
+                    if (!(c instanceof JSONObject cObj)) {
+                        continue;
+                    }
+                    String catId = cObj.getString("cat_id");
+                    if (!StringUtils.hasText(catId) && cObj.containsKey("cat_id")) {
+                        Object n = cObj.get("cat_id");
+                        catId = n == null ? null : String.valueOf(n);
+                    }
+                    if (!StringUtils.hasText(catId)) {
+                        continue;
+                    }
+                    JSONObject one = new JSONObject();
+                    String catIdTrim = catId == null ? "" : catId.trim();
+                    if (!StringUtils.hasText(catIdTrim)) {
+                        continue;
+                    }
+                    one.put("cat_id", catIdTrim);
+                    out.add(one);
+                }
+                if (!out.isEmpty()) {
+                    return out;
+                }
             }
         }
-        return fallback;
+        return null;
     }
 
     private static boolean hasCategoryAuth(JSONObject o) {
@@ -360,37 +372,6 @@ public class ExternalSphPublishService {
         return false;
     }
 
-    private static Long extractLeafCatId(JSONObject cats) {
-        if (cats == null) {
-            return null;
-        }
-        JSONArray catInfo = cats.getJSONArray("cat_info");
-        if (catInfo == null || catInfo.isEmpty()) {
-            return null;
-        }
-        for (int i = catInfo.size() - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
-            Object c = catInfo.get(i);
-            if (c instanceof JSONObject cObj) {
-                String catId = cObj.getString("cat_id");
-                if (StringUtils.hasText(catId)) {
-                    try {
-                        return Long.parseLong(catId.trim());
-                    } catch (NumberFormatException ignore) {
-                        // ignore and continue
-                    }
-                }
-                if (cObj.containsKey("cat_id")) {
-                    try {
-                        return cObj.getLong("cat_id");
-                    } catch (Exception ignore) {
-                        // ignore and continue
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-        }
-        return null;
-    }
-
     private JSONArray buildSkus(List<OGoodsSku> skuRows, ExternalGoodsUpsertRequest req, String defaultThumbWxUrl,
                                 String accessToken) {
         JSONArray arr = new JSONArray();